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		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers</id>
		<title>Algorithmic theory of integers - Historia wersji</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-04T05:07:32Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Historia wersji tej strony wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2568&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>AndrzejSalwicki o 11:02, 2 paź 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2568&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-10-02T11:02:37Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 11:02, 2 paź 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 13:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 13:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Trichotomy) For every integer number&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; exactly one of three relations holds: either a) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is non-negative, or b) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is zero &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; or c) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jis non-negative, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Trichotomy) For every integer number&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; exactly one of three relations holds: either a) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is non-negative, or b) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is zero &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; or c) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jis non-negative, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Non-negative integers) The set of non-negative integers satisfies the axioms of natural numbers, it is the same set &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. See [[Algorithmic_theory_of_natural _numbers]].&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Non-negative integers) The set of non-negative integers satisfies the axioms of natural numbers, it is the same set &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. See [[Algorithmic_theory_of_natural _numbers]].&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Note algorithmic formula &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;serving as an axiom I&lt;/del&gt;. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Note&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, axiom S of natural numbers is an&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;algorithmic formula. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Ordering relation) a &amp;lt; b if and only if the number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; b+-a &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; belongs to the set&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Ordering relation) a &amp;lt; b if and only if the number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; b+-a &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; belongs to the set&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>AndrzejSalwicki</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2567&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>AndrzejSalwicki o 10:59, 2 paź 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2567&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-10-02T10:59:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 10:59, 2 paź 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 12:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Trichotomy) For every integer number&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; exactly one of three relations holds: either a) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is non-negative, or b) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is zero &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; or c) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jis non-negative, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Trichotomy) For every integer number&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; exactly one of three relations holds: either a) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is non-negative, or b) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is zero &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; or c) number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jis non-negative, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Non-negative integers) The set of non-negative integers satisfies the axioms of natural numbers, it is the same set &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. See [[Algorithmic_theory_of_natural _numbers ]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Non-negative integers) The set of non-negative integers satisfies the axioms of natural numbers, it is the same set &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. See [[Algorithmic_theory_of_natural _numbers]]&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Note algorithmic formula serving as an axiom I. &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Ordering relation) a &amp;lt; b if and only if the number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; b+-a &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; belongs to the set&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Ordering relation) a &amp;lt; b if and only if the number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; b+-a &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; belongs to the set&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>AndrzejSalwicki</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2563&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>AndrzejSalwicki o 10:42, 2 paź 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2563&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-10-02T10:42:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 10:42, 2 paź 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Integer numbers form a set, usually denoted&amp;#160; '''integer''' (or &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;). The set contains a non-empty subset&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (of natural numbers) and equipped with two binary operations , of addition and multiplication, usually denoted,&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. These operations fulfill the following axioms: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Integer numbers form a set, usually denoted&amp;#160; '''integer''' (or &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;). The set contains a non-empty subset&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;non-negative integer numbers&amp;#160; ''aka'' &lt;/ins&gt;natural numbers) and equipped with two binary operations , of addition and multiplication, usually denoted,&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. These operations fulfill the following axioms: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Commutativity) For every pair of integer numbers&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; the following equalities hold &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Commutativity) For every pair of integer numbers&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; the following equalities hold &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+0=a\qquad &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160;  and&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot 1= a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+0=a\qquad &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160;  and&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot 1= a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Closure in&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) If &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are non-negative integer numbers then numbers&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\cdot b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are also non-negative integer numbers,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Closure in&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) If &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are non-negative integer numbers then numbers&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\cdot b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; are also non-negative integer numbers,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Addytywna odwrotność&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dla każdej liczby całkowitej &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;istnieje taka liczba całkowita &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;że zachodzi&amp;#160; równość &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Additive inverse&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For every integer number&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;exists integer number&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;such that the following equality holds &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Trichotomia&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dla każdej liczby całkowitej &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zachodzi dokładnie jedna z trzech relacji&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;albo &lt;/del&gt;a) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;liczba &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jest nieujemna&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;albo &lt;/del&gt;b) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;liczba &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jest zerem &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;albo &lt;/del&gt;c) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;liczba &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jest nieujemna&lt;/del&gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Trichotomy&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For every integer number&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;exactly one of three relations holds&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;either &lt;/ins&gt;a) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is non-negative&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;b) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is zero &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;c) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;number &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;jis non-negative&lt;/ins&gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Liczby całkowite nieujemne&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Zbiór liczb całkowitych nieujemnych spełnia aksjomaty liczb naturalnych&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to jest ten sam zbiór&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Non-negative integers&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The set of non-negative integers satisfies the axioms of natural numbers&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;it is the same set &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;See [[Algorithmic_theory_of_natural _numbers ]]&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Definicja porządku&lt;/del&gt;) a &amp;lt; b &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wtedy i tylko wtedy gdy &lt;/del&gt;b+-a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;należy do &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Ordering relation&lt;/ins&gt;) a &amp;lt; b &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;if and only if the number &amp;lt;math&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;b+-a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; belongs to the set&amp;#160;  &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;c.d.n&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>AndrzejSalwicki</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2562&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>AndrzejSalwicki o 10:29, 2 paź 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2562&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-10-02T10:29:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
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				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 10:29, 2 paź 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Liczby całkowite tworzą zbiór oznaczany &lt;/del&gt;'''integer''' (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lub &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;)&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, razem z niepustym podzbiorem &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;liczb całkowitych nieujemnych&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;i z dwoma operacjami dwuargumentowymi dodawania i mnożenia&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oznaczanymi przez &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, które spełniają następujące aksjomaty&lt;/del&gt;: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Integer numbers form a set, usually denoted&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;'''integer''' (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;)&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. The set contains a non-empty subset&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of natural numbers&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and equipped with two binary operations , of addition and multiplication, usually denoted&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. These operations fulfill the following axioms&lt;/ins&gt;: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Commutativity) For every pair of integer numbers&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; the following equalities hold &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Commutativity) For every pair of integer numbers&amp;#160;  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; the following equalities hold &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 6:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Distributivity) For every triplet of integer numbers the following equality holds &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Distributivity) For every triplet of integer numbers the following equality holds &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+b)\cdot c =a\cdot c + b\cdot c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+b)\cdot c =a\cdot c + b\cdot c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jedności&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Istnieją liczby całkowite &lt;/del&gt;0 i 1 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;takie&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;że dla każdego&amp;#160; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zachodzi&amp;#160; równość&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Units&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;There exist integer numbers&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;0 i 1 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;such that&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for every&amp;#160;  &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the following equalities hold &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+0=a\qquad &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160;  &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oraz &lt;/del&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot 1= a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+0=a\qquad &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160;  &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot 1= a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Domknięcie w &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Jeśli &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;i &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;są liczbami całkowitymi nieujemnymi to liczby &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oraz &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\cdot b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;też są liczbami całkowitymi, nieujemnymi&lt;/del&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Closure in&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;If &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;are non-negative integer numbers then numbers&amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\cdot b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;are also non-negative integer numbers&lt;/ins&gt;,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Addytywna odwrotność) Dla każdej liczby całkowitej &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, istnieje taka liczba całkowita &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, że zachodzi&amp;#160; równość &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Addytywna odwrotność) Dla każdej liczby całkowitej &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, istnieje taka liczba całkowita &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, że zachodzi&amp;#160; równość &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>AndrzejSalwicki</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2561&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>AndrzejSalwicki o 10:19, 2 paź 2018</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2561&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2018-10-02T10:19:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← poprzednia wersja&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Wersja z 10:19, 2 paź 2018&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liczby całkowite tworzą zbiór oznaczany '''integer''' (lub &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;), razem z niepustym podzbiorem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (liczb całkowitych nieujemnych) i z dwoma operacjami dwuargumentowymi dodawania i mnożenia, oznaczanymi przez &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, które spełniają następujące aksjomaty: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liczby całkowite tworzą zbiór oznaczany '''integer''' (lub &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;), razem z niepustym podzbiorem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (liczb całkowitych nieujemnych) i z dwoma operacjami dwuargumentowymi dodawania i mnożenia, oznaczanymi przez &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, które spełniają następujące aksjomaty: &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Przemienność&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dla każdej pary liczb całkowitych &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zachodzą równości&amp;#160; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Commutativity&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For every pair of integer numbers&amp;#160;  &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the following equalities hold &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oraz &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Łączność&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dla każdej trójki liczb całkowitych &lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a,b, c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zachodzą&amp;#160; równości &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Associativity&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For every triplet of integer numbers&amp;#160;  &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a,b, c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the following equalities hold &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+(b+c))=((a+b)+c) \qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oraz &lt;/del&gt; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad (a\cdot(b\cdot c))=((a\cdot b)\cdot c)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+(b+c))=((a+b)+c) \qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&amp;#160; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad (a\cdot(b\cdot c))=((a\cdot b)\cdot c)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Rozdzielność&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dla każdej trójki liczb całkowitych zachodzi&amp;#160; równość &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Distributivity&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For every triplet of integer numbers the following equality holds &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+b)\cdot c =a\cdot c + b\cdot c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+b)\cdot c =a\cdot c + b\cdot c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Jedności) Istnieją liczby całkowite 0 i 1 takie, że dla każdego&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; zachodzi&amp;#160; równość&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* (Jedności) Istnieją liczby całkowite 0 i 1 takie, że dla każdego&amp;#160; &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; zachodzi&amp;#160; równość&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>AndrzejSalwicki</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2394&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>AndrzejSalwicki: Utworzono nową stronę &quot;Liczby całkowite tworzą zbiór oznaczany '''integer''' (lub &lt;math&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;), razem z niepustym podzbiorem &lt;math&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; (liczb całkowitych nieujemnych) i z dwoma ope...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://lem12.uksw.edu.pl/index.php?title=Algorithmic_theory_of_integers&amp;diff=2394&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2017-08-08T16:24:30Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Utworzono nową stronę &amp;quot;Liczby całkowite tworzą zbiór oznaczany &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;integer&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (lub &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;), razem z niepustym podzbiorem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (liczb całkowitych nieujemnych) i z dwoma ope...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nowa strona&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liczby całkowite tworzą zbiór oznaczany '''integer''' (lub &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Z&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;), razem z niepustym podzbiorem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; (liczb całkowitych nieujemnych) i z dwoma operacjami dwuargumentowymi dodawania i mnożenia, oznaczanymi przez &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cdot&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, które spełniają następujące aksjomaty: &lt;br /&gt;
* (Przemienność) Dla każdej pary liczb całkowitych &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a, b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; zachodzą równości  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b=b+a\qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;  oraz &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot b = b \cdot a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;br /&gt;
* (Łączność) Dla każdej trójki liczb całkowitych &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a,b, c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; zachodzą  równości &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+(b+c))=((a+b)+c) \qquad&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;  oraz  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad (a\cdot(b\cdot c))=((a\cdot b)\cdot c)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, &lt;br /&gt;
* (Rozdzielność) Dla każdej trójki liczb całkowitych zachodzi  równość &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(a+b)\cdot c =a\cdot c + b\cdot c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* (Jedności) Istnieją liczby całkowite 0 i 1 takie, że dla każdego  &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; zachodzi  równość&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+0=a\qquad &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;   oraz   &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\qquad a\cdot 1= a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;,&lt;br /&gt;
* (Domknięcie w &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;) Jeśli &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; i &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; są liczbami całkowitymi nieujemnymi to liczby &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a+b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; oraz &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a\cdot b&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; też są liczbami całkowitymi, nieujemnymi,&lt;br /&gt;
* (Addytywna odwrotność) Dla każdej liczby całkowitej &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, istnieje taka liczba całkowita &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, że zachodzi  równość &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; a+-a =0 &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
* (Trichotomia) Dla każdej liczby całkowitej &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; zachodzi dokładnie jedna z trzech relacji: albo a) liczba &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jest nieujemna, albo b) liczba &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jest zerem &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;a=0&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; albo c) liczba &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;-a&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; jest nieujemna, &lt;br /&gt;
* (Liczby całkowite nieujemne) Zbiór liczb całkowitych nieujemnych spełnia aksjomaty liczb naturalnych, to jest ten sam zbiór.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* (Definicja porządku) a &amp;lt; b wtedy i tylko wtedy gdy b+-a należy do &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
c.d.n.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>AndrzejSalwicki</name></author>	</entry>

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